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History of plastic surgery
Many people mistakenly believe that the specialty of Plastic Surgery takes its
name from the use of silicone and other manmade materials such as plastic to
achieve reconstructive or cosmetic goals. Nothing could be further from the
truth. The term plastic surgery comes from the Greek word plastikos which
means to mold or to give form. Many of the early recorded efforts in surgery
were attempts to restore normal form to body parts that had been altered due
to injury or deformed from birth. Some procedures that we would classify as
Plastic Surgery today were rudimentarily performed even in antiquity. Plastic
surgical procedures fall into two major subdivisions: reconstructive or
cosmetic.

Reconstuctive procedures
Reconstructive procedures are operations that restore form and in many cases
function of body parts. They are abnormal due to injury, disease, or congenital
defects. The repair of severe lacerations and the repair of fractures of the
facial bones are common plastic surgical procedures. The use of tissue
expansion and flaps and grafts to repair isfigurement due to burn injury and
the transplantation of muscle from the back to a severely injured lower
extremity are other common examples of reconstructive procedures performed
by plastic surgeons. For instance, the removal of skin cancers and repair of
cleft lips and palates are other reconstructive procedures which make up the
majority of the work done by many plastic surgeons. Reconstructive plastic
surgery might be defined as a surgical procedure performed on abnormal parts in
an attempt to restore a more normal appearance and to improve function. The
primary consideration here is the fact that the procedure corrects abnormal
parts or tissues.

Cosmetic procedures
Cosmetic procedures are operations that are peformed purely to enhance the
appearance of body parts which fall within the normal range of appearance and
function. Examples would include procedures such as face lifts, nose reshaping
done only for appearance and liposuction procedures. The desire of humans to
enhance their appearance is not a recent phenomena. The ancient Egyptians
used makeup quite extensively, and we can be certain they were not the first
society to do so. Surgical manipulation of tissue to enhance appearance was
apparently common in ancient history. Numerous cultures have used surgical
procedures to enlarge ear lobes, lips, and to produce scars in a pattern felt to
enhance attractiveness or in some cases to appear more fearsome to enemies.